Math Every Day

It happens to me that learning arithmetic, particularly analytics and different types of higher science, is a lot of like learning an unknown dialect. Math begins like an unknown dialect, having its own images, definitions, applications, and structures. It is hard to use from the start and requires reiteration, similar to another dialect. One needs to retain images, their capacities and numerous standards, and afterward one needs to rehearse by working numerous issues. Students can't be OK with new dialects (science) until they can utilize it more than once, reliably, and effectively. Math, or another dialect, is as of now existent and the student needs to adjust to it and work in it; the new material won't adjust to the student. One learns a language by tuning in to other people and by perusing, utilizing a word reference, learning the language rules, and what breaks any or those principles. Analytics is comparative. After much practice, understudies can speak with others in their new dialect and extend their capacities with more practice and use, similarly as in science. Those with a decent establishment by means of formal guidance are obviously greater at than those that get it to a great extent, intermittently.â The first can be comprehended and the second gotten lost. Less very much prepared students are restricted in the range and layering of significance their correspondence can include and don't have the instruments for significantly more significant levels of language (science) learning. A solid establishment readies the new dialect speaker or the new analytics understudy for the following stage in their subject’s discipline and for later development, exploration, and creation in that discipline. Arithmetic and language are the equivalent †They have equations and examples; they are correspondence and they are excellent (for example fractal examples and verse). Maybe this is the explanation that the movies â€Å"Close experiences of the third kind† utilized music (exceptionally numerical) and â€Å"Contact† utilized arithmetic as the types of correspondence that demonstrated effective among outsiders and earth individuals.

Causal Effect of Corporate Governance - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Causal Effect of Corporate Governance. Answer: Presentation: From the give contextual investigation of Enron, it very well may be seen that there were some major moral issues in the association that contributed generally towards the breakdown of the organization as all these moral issues are significant issues. The major moral infringement for Enron are talked about beneath: The subsidizing plan presented by the Chiefs Financial Officer of the Enron was one of the major moral issues for the organization. The fundamental point of this plan was to build the offer costs of the organization. Be that as it may, the genuine thought process behind the acquaintance of this plan was with increment the administrations individual riches at the costs of the workers. This was a significant moral infringement in Enron (Schwartz 2013). Another major moral infringement for Enron can be found in the field of vital administration. It tends to be seen that Jeff Skilling presented the matter of broadband wherein he didn't have any sort of close to home information in that specific field. Accordingly, he was unable to raise the necessary capital for the execution of the venture. Absence of straightforwardness and responsibility was another major moral infringement for Enron. Toward the start, the administration of Enron was resolved to give the genuine monetary data of the organization to their partners so as to keep up straightforwardness and responsibility. Notwithstanding, in the later phase of the business, it tends to be seen that the administration of the organization began to keep up a wobbly sheet so as to shroud the obligation and risk position of the organization. This procedure was exceptionally deceptive as the partners were denied structure this activity of Enron (Markham 2015). From the gave contextual analysis, it tends to be seen that the bookkeeping firm, Arthur Anderson damaged all the moral standards of bookkeeping so as to help Enron in the outrage. This can be considered as another major moral infringement for Enron. Corporate administration alludes to a conventional example in the associations of explicit rules and standards so the business tasks of the organizations can be run in the most moral manner. The job of morals in corporate administration alludes to the procedure of the utilization of morals in different organization related business tasks of the organizations (Crane and Matten 2016). With the assistance of morals in corporate administration, the administration of the organizations can oversee both the inside and outer moral issues of the organizations. For instance, the job of morals in corporate administration can be found during the time spent dealing with the different issues with the representatives. In such manner, the way toward choosing the representatives should be founded on the ownership of required human capital in the most moral manner (Trong Tuan 2012). Aside from this, the use of morals in corporate administration can be found during the time spent the administration of outside partners of the organizations by the administration. Likewise, with the assistance of morals in corporate administration, business associations can address the issues of capable corporate practices. One of the significant jobs of morals in corporate administration can be found in causing the organizations to work in eco-accommodating way. Then again, with the assistance of morals in corporate administration, the organizations become ready to get responsibility and straightforwardness the procedure of money related announcing (Jo and Harjoto 2012). In this way, in light of the above conversation it tends to be seen that the presentation of morals in corporate administration makes the organizations demonstration in the moral way in each viewpoint. It is the obligation of the monetary supervisors of the organizations to tell all the speculators and investor about any sort of significant material changes in the fiscal summaries. This should be done as the anticipated benefit of the organizations can be diminished because of the material changes. This equivalent idea can be applied on account of Enron. In this circumstance, it should be referenced that the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) uses to tell the associations about any sort of material change in the budget reports of the organizations. On the off chance that this occurs, at that point the chief of Enron would be viewed as progressively moral on the off chance that he masterminded explicit strategies to tell the financial specialists about this material change. This should be possible in different manners. To begin with, the monetary oversee can orchestrate a gathering with the financial specialists and investors of the organizations to let them tell that the benefit le vel won't be the equivalent because of significant material change. Second, he can orchestrate an official statement to inform the financial specialists and investors the equivalent (Brigham and Houston 2012). The Enron oversees could take certain activities to stay away from liquidation. To start with, it was a significant defective advance for Enron to take their business in California. It very well may be seen that the test of Enron about the deregulation in California didn't work and the organization went towards chapter 11. In this way, the chiefs were required to close down the business in California to stay away from liquidation. Second, the administrators of Enron expected to make a move to stop the subsidizing plan presented by the Chief Finance Officer of the organization, as it was one of the significant reasons of the chapter 11 of the organization. Third, the directors of Enron expected to make a move against the upkeep of wobbly sheet. The administrators of Enron required to take these activities. On the off chance that I was the CEO of Enron, I would make it sure that the organization received the reasonable bookkeeping arrangement with the goal that the partners of the organization don't need to be denied. The foundation of reasonable bookkeeping strategies would get straightforwardness and responsibility the organization and would be useful to maintain a strategic distance from insolvency. Furthermore, I would not keep up any sort of cockeyed sheet to control the budgetary situation of the organization. I would attempt to remember morals for corporate administration with the goal that all the business activities of the organization can be run in the moral way. In conclusion, I would not receive any sort of forceful bookkeeping approaches for the organization. References Brigham, E.F. also, Houston, J.F., 2012.Fundamentals of money related administration. Cengage Learning. Crane, A. what's more, Matten, D., 2016.Business morals: Managing corporate citizenship and manageability in the time of globalization. Oxford University Press. Jo, H. what's more, Harjoto, M.A., 2012. The causal impact of corporate administration on corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,106(1), pp.53-72. Markham, J.W., 2015.A money related history of present day US corporate outrages: From Enron to change. Routledge. Schwartz, M.S., 2013. Creating and supporting a moral corporate culture: The center elements.Business Horizons,56(1), pp.39-50. Trong Tuan, L., 2012. Corporate social duty, morals, and corporate governance.Social Responsibility Journal,8(4), pp.547-560.

Show, Dont Tell! (the College Essay, Pt. 2)

Show, Don’t Tell! (the College Essay, Pt. 2) QUOTE: (i) Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print. (ii) Never use a long word where a short one will do. (iii) If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. (iv) Never use the passive where you can use the active. (v) Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent. (vi) Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. -excerpt from George Orwell, Politics and the English Language, 1946. So once upon a time, I wrote a blog comparing the college essay to froyo. Since then, the application has been revised, and although I still believe in the merits of the first blog in regards to a long college admissions essay (500-1000 words), it definitely doesnt apply completely to the new short-answer system that MIT adopted. A few months ago, I created a bogus account on my.mit.edu so I can actually catch a glimpse at what the new application looks like (it really doesnt look that different, ha) and Ive been thinking about how I would approach these essays. Although nothing here is the product of intense cognition, I thought Id share some of my views on these small essays. Essentially, you have 5 mini-essays What You Do For Pleasure (pleasure 100 words), Department at MIT (department 100 words), What You Do Thats Creative (creativity 250 words), World You Come From (world 250 words), Significant Challenge (challenge 250 words), and thats it! Less than 1000 words total. The easy things first the Pleasure and the Department prompts are not really essays, but short answers, so they can be easily answered. My advice is just to go ahead and be honest with them (well, you should be honest in your entire application ;P), especially with the Pleasure essay. The admission officers (adcoms) are not looking for standard answers, and you wont get brownie points by putting down programming, building robots, or other MIT-y answers (although they also definitely wont penalize you if they do happen to be things that you do for fun). Just be honest! Many people stress out about the Department essay, but I can tell you that MIT DOES NOT admit on a quota, and you WILL NOT be penalized by which department you put down on that blank (I dont know how many emails Ive gotten on this subject already seriously, the adcoms are not lying at you, and no there is no conspiracy either). Therefore, you will not seem more impressive if you put down Philosophy, over, say, Mechanical Engineering. When I applied, I put down Chemical Engineering (oh, such were the days of my innocent youth, when I believed that Chemistry was trivial), but now Im happily a Biology (and pending History) major. Your interests may shift after you enroll at MIT (and realize how brutal some of the courses here can be), and thats perfectly fine! So dont worry too much. For the Creativity essay, I would encourage you to look at the connotation of creativity from a new angle (in a sense, be creative about exploring creativity :P). You can go broader than physical things like creative projects or creative inventions. I would investigate writing about creative ideas, creative ways of looking at things, creative ways of solving problems, for example. I wrote about a concrete research project I did when I applied, but I thought that was quite boring in comparison to the other things that could have written about, so I encourage you to explore this topic a bit further. :) Ah ok, now we come to the challenging 250-word essays. So back in the day, we had a choice between these two essays to write a long essay on, but I guess now theyre requiring you write on both of them, but as shorter essays. Actually, I really enjoyed the world essay and I thought it was the one of the best prompts out of the prompts for the 15 colleges that I applied to (number one was still Stanfords photograph prompt I loved it. Sorry MIT :P). The challenge now, however, is how to condense all the things you want to convey into mere 250 words. In order for me to see what a 250 word word limit is really like, I wrote a 250 word essay. Not on MITs prompts, though. He held up the sheet of wrinkled paper, his eyes in silent protest. The tattered bill requested 13,800 dollars for a three-day hospital stay. Why call the ambulance? Just leave me alone! the frail old man muttered. Just a week ago, Mr. Vu suffered a stroke that required hospitalization. Because he could not understand English, Mr. Vu had not applied for health insurance, resulting in the exorbitant bill. An internship at an Asian clinic opened my eyes to the untold story of limited-English proficiency patients, who often struggle to obtain health care in a maze of foreign forms and convoluted policies. Suffering from a worsening stomachache, Mrs. Wong was neglected in the county hospital for over two hours, unable to flag down a passing nurse for assistance because of the language barrier. Clutching a X-Ray order, Mr. Park searched in vain for Radiology in a blinding flurry of English letters. Over the summer, these stories became too common accounts of immigrants fighting for their right to care in a shockingly monolingual health system. After the internship, I participated in a medical interpretation training program and was licensed as a Mandarin health interpreter in November. I wanted to change the status quo. My experiences this summer solidified my conviction of entering into public health, especially immigrant health, as my future course of study. America has long prided itself as a melting pot of cultures. Isnt it only fitting that there exists equitable access to health care, regardless of the language spoken? The word limit is kinda short. Now, a disclaimer: I want to stay that this is not intended to be a model essay (I think the ending can use some more work, among other things), but I thought this would be easier in illustrating a point. If you look at the essay, I like going narrative - point - how it connects to me. In fact, this is what I use for most of my essays :3 Heres the same essay, deliberately made worse (but to illustrate a very common problem in college application essays): Last summer, I worked in an Asian clinic in Oakland, California. Over the course of the summer, I realized the plight of immigrants when it comes to obtaining equitable health care. In the modern health industry, immigrants and other residents who possess limited English proficiency are often overlooked because of their inability to communicate their symptoms to the doctor and complete paperwork in English. This problem is exacerbated when they cannot apply for health insurance, resulting in exorbitant health bills. In a country that claims to be the melting pot of cultures, this kind of neglect is no longer acceptable. Many patients suffer extended waits in the hospital, unable to obtain assistance. It is possible that a worsening stomachache is the initial sign for appendicitis, which needs to be treated expeditiously. Often, hospital signs are also not translated into other languages, making navigation difficult for elderly patients. These scenes are played across hospitals in the nation everyday. After my experiences this summer, I realized that I wanted to channel my energy into the revitalization of this system. It is no longer sufficient for us to stand on the sidelines and watch. To this end, I participated in a medical interpretation training program and was licensed as a Mandarin health interpreter. I hope I will be able to contribute my efforts to the field of public health, especially immigrant health, in the future. These patients cannot afford to passively wait for language-accessible care and continue to sacrifice their right to treatment. Also 250 words, but this essay is riddled with problems, many of which Orwell pointed out in the blurb above. 1. The essay is filled with extraneous and needlessly difficult words. (I wanted to channel my energy into the revitalization of this system) 2. The essay lacks a personal voice its very passive (These scenes are played, immigrants are often overlooked, the problem is exacerbated) 3. The essay never shows it only tells. Show, dont tell! I cant emphasize this enough. This essay points out many problems of the health care system, but doesnt offer any examples of the problems. At the end of the day, which essay will readers remember better? An essay that speaks in general terms or Mr. Vu with his bill? Personally, I think after MIT made the switch from the long essay to short essays, this point is even more pertinent. You just cant afford to waste words speaking in vague terms that doesnt convey much in terms of meaning. When adcoms read thousands of essays on end, you need to stand out. Ideally, your essay should pack enough punch (thats a cliche :P) so that your readers have a take-home message (another cliche :P). Simply put, you need something memorable about your essay. If you feel bored writing your essay, chances are that the person reading your essay will be bored too. Make it vivid let your story shine. Finally, the other point I want to convey: Trim the extra fat! I narrowed down the first essay from over 400 words to just 250. Chances are, you can do the same too. The second essay is plagued with extraneous words, and actually it can be narrowed down to just this without loss of meaning: Last summer, I worked in an Asian clinic, where I realized the struggle of immigrants in obtaining equitable health care because of the language barrier. They often cannot apply for health insurance, resulting in exorbitant bills. This is not acceptable in America, which claims to be a melting pot of cultures. Many patients suffer long waits in the hospital, unable to get help. A worsening stomachache can lead to appendicitis that requires rapid treatment. Often, signs are only written in English, making navigation difficult for elderly patients. It is no longer sufficient for me stand on the sidelines I want to make a difference. To this end, I participated in a medical interpretation training program and was licensed in Mandarin. Eventually, I hope I can work in the field of public health, especially immigrant health. These patients cannot afford to passively wait for language-accessible care and continue to sacrifice their right to treatment. This new essay is only 154 words. Although it definitely sounds stilted and shouldnt be submitted as a complete essay, it still goes to show how much excess fat one can usually trim from a typical essay. Not to reiterate myself too much from the previous blog that I wrote, but the effective essay, IMO, is the essay that really shows who you are, where youre coming from, and what your loves are in your own voice. Both the world and the challenges essay are structured so that its focused on you and your stories. Use these opportunities to tell a story to convey who you are. Theres no need to repackage your tale in fancy rhetoric or educated vocabulary. Just as we see in world literature: often the best stories are, really, the simplest stories.

Show, Dont Tell! (the College Essay, Pt. 2)

Show, Don’t Tell! (the College Essay, Pt. 2) QUOTE: (i) Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print. (ii) Never use a long word where a short one will do. (iii) If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. (iv) Never use the passive where you can use the active. (v) Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent. (vi) Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. -excerpt from George Orwell, Politics and the English Language, 1946. So once upon a time, I wrote a blog comparing the college essay to froyo. Since then, the application has been revised, and although I still believe in the merits of the first blog in regards to a long college admissions essay (500-1000 words), it definitely doesnt apply completely to the new short-answer system that MIT adopted. A few months ago, I created a bogus account on my.mit.edu so I can actually catch a glimpse at what the new application looks like (it really doesnt look that different, ha) and Ive been thinking about how I would approach these essays. Although nothing here is the product of intense cognition, I thought Id share some of my views on these small essays. Essentially, you have 5 mini-essays What You Do For Pleasure (pleasure 100 words), Department at MIT (department 100 words), What You Do Thats Creative (creativity 250 words), World You Come From (world 250 words), Significant Challenge (challenge 250 words), and thats it! Less than 1000 words total. The easy things first the Pleasure and the Department prompts are not really essays, but short answers, so they can be easily answered. My advice is just to go ahead and be honest with them (well, you should be honest in your entire application ;P), especially with the Pleasure essay. The admission officers (adcoms) are not looking for standard answers, and you wont get brownie points by putting down programming, building robots, or other MIT-y answers (although they also definitely wont penalize you if they do happen to be things that you do for fun). Just be honest! Many people stress out about the Department essay, but I can tell you that MIT DOES NOT admit on a quota, and you WILL NOT be penalized by which department you put down on that blank (I dont know how many emails Ive gotten on this subject already seriously, the adcoms are not lying at you, and no there is no conspiracy either). Therefore, you will not seem more impressive if you put down Philosophy, over, say, Mechanical Engineering. When I applied, I put down Chemical Engineering (oh, such were the days of my innocent youth, when I believed that Chemistry was trivial), but now Im happily a Biology (and pending History) major. Your interests may shift after you enroll at MIT (and realize how brutal some of the courses here can be), and thats perfectly fine! So dont worry too much. For the Creativity essay, I would encourage you to look at the connotation of creativity from a new angle (in a sense, be creative about exploring creativity :P). You can go broader than physical things like creative projects or creative inventions. I would investigate writing about creative ideas, creative ways of looking at things, creative ways of solving problems, for example. I wrote about a concrete research project I did when I applied, but I thought that was quite boring in comparison to the other things that could have written about, so I encourage you to explore this topic a bit further. :) Ah ok, now we come to the challenging 250-word essays. So back in the day, we had a choice between these two essays to write a long essay on, but I guess now theyre requiring you write on both of them, but as shorter essays. Actually, I really enjoyed the world essay and I thought it was the one of the best prompts out of the prompts for the 15 colleges that I applied to (number one was still Stanfords photograph prompt I loved it. Sorry MIT :P). The challenge now, however, is how to condense all the things you want to convey into mere 250 words. In order for me to see what a 250 word word limit is really like, I wrote a 250 word essay. Not on MITs prompts, though. He held up the sheet of wrinkled paper, his eyes in silent protest. The tattered bill requested 13,800 dollars for a three-day hospital stay. Why call the ambulance? Just leave me alone! the frail old man muttered. Just a week ago, Mr. Vu suffered a stroke that required hospitalization. Because he could not understand English, Mr. Vu had not applied for health insurance, resulting in the exorbitant bill. An internship at an Asian clinic opened my eyes to the untold story of limited-English proficiency patients, who often struggle to obtain health care in a maze of foreign forms and convoluted policies. Suffering from a worsening stomachache, Mrs. Wong was neglected in the county hospital for over two hours, unable to flag down a passing nurse for assistance because of the language barrier. Clutching a X-Ray order, Mr. Park searched in vain for Radiology in a blinding flurry of English letters. Over the summer, these stories became too common accounts of immigrants fighting for their right to care in a shockingly monolingual health system. After the internship, I participated in a medical interpretation training program and was licensed as a Mandarin health interpreter in November. I wanted to change the status quo. My experiences this summer solidified my conviction of entering into public health, especially immigrant health, as my future course of study. America has long prided itself as a melting pot of cultures. Isnt it only fitting that there exists equitable access to health care, regardless of the language spoken? The word limit is kinda short. Now, a disclaimer: I want to stay that this is not intended to be a model essay (I think the ending can use some more work, among other things), but I thought this would be easier in illustrating a point. If you look at the essay, I like going narrative - point - how it connects to me. In fact, this is what I use for most of my essays :3 Heres the same essay, deliberately made worse (but to illustrate a very common problem in college application essays): Last summer, I worked in an Asian clinic in Oakland, California. Over the course of the summer, I realized the plight of immigrants when it comes to obtaining equitable health care. In the modern health industry, immigrants and other residents who possess limited English proficiency are often overlooked because of their inability to communicate their symptoms to the doctor and complete paperwork in English. This problem is exacerbated when they cannot apply for health insurance, resulting in exorbitant health bills. In a country that claims to be the melting pot of cultures, this kind of neglect is no longer acceptable. Many patients suffer extended waits in the hospital, unable to obtain assistance. It is possible that a worsening stomachache is the initial sign for appendicitis, which needs to be treated expeditiously. Often, hospital signs are also not translated into other languages, making navigation difficult for elderly patients. These scenes are played across hospitals in the nation everyday. After my experiences this summer, I realized that I wanted to channel my energy into the revitalization of this system. It is no longer sufficient for us to stand on the sidelines and watch. To this end, I participated in a medical interpretation training program and was licensed as a Mandarin health interpreter. I hope I will be able to contribute my efforts to the field of public health, especially immigrant health, in the future. These patients cannot afford to passively wait for language-accessible care and continue to sacrifice their right to treatment. Also 250 words, but this essay is riddled with problems, many of which Orwell pointed out in the blurb above. 1. The essay is filled with extraneous and needlessly difficult words. (I wanted to channel my energy into the revitalization of this system) 2. The essay lacks a personal voice its very passive (These scenes are played, immigrants are often overlooked, the problem is exacerbated) 3. The essay never shows it only tells. Show, dont tell! I cant emphasize this enough. This essay points out many problems of the health care system, but doesnt offer any examples of the problems. At the end of the day, which essay will readers remember better? An essay that speaks in general terms or Mr. Vu with his bill? Personally, I think after MIT made the switch from the long essay to short essays, this point is even more pertinent. You just cant afford to waste words speaking in vague terms that doesnt convey much in terms of meaning. When adcoms read thousands of essays on end, you need to stand out. Ideally, your essay should pack enough punch (thats a cliche :P) so that your readers have a take-home message (another cliche :P). Simply put, you need something memorable about your essay. If you feel bored writing your essay, chances are that the person reading your essay will be bored too. Make it vivid let your story shine. Finally, the other point I want to convey: Trim the extra fat! I narrowed down the first essay from over 400 words to just 250. Chances are, you can do the same too. The second essay is plagued with extraneous words, and actually it can be narrowed down to just this without loss of meaning: Last summer, I worked in an Asian clinic, where I realized the struggle of immigrants in obtaining equitable health care because of the language barrier. They often cannot apply for health insurance, resulting in exorbitant bills. This is not acceptable in America, which claims to be a melting pot of cultures. Many patients suffer long waits in the hospital, unable to get help. A worsening stomachache can lead to appendicitis that requires rapid treatment. Often, signs are only written in English, making navigation difficult for elderly patients. It is no longer sufficient for me stand on the sidelines I want to make a difference. To this end, I participated in a medical interpretation training program and was licensed in Mandarin. Eventually, I hope I can work in the field of public health, especially immigrant health. These patients cannot afford to passively wait for language-accessible care and continue to sacrifice their right to treatment. This new essay is only 154 words. Although it definitely sounds stilted and shouldnt be submitted as a complete essay, it still goes to show how much excess fat one can usually trim from a typical essay. Not to reiterate myself too much from the previous blog that I wrote, but the effective essay, IMO, is the essay that really shows who you are, where youre coming from, and what your loves are in your own voice. Both the world and the challenges essay are structured so that its focused on you and your stories. Use these opportunities to tell a story to convey who you are. Theres no need to repackage your tale in fancy rhetoric or educated vocabulary. Just as we see in world literature: often the best stories are, really, the simplest stories.

A Refutation of Gilbert and Gubars Anti-Christian Perspective of Jane Eyre - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1762 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubars The Madwoman in the Attic is the seminal analysis of Jane Eyre, particularly with regards to feminism. The two assert that somehow Jane intentionally subverts not only social norms, but fundamental tenets of Christian morality, as though Christianity were by nature at odds with feminism, or even women themselves. This opinion is far from a recent development, seeing as Gilbert and Gubar cite several contemporary critics of Bront, which call the novel anti-Christian. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Refutation of Gilbert and Gubars Anti-Christian Perspective of Jane Eyre" essay for you Create order In truth, Jane is a highly virtuous and principled character. These are the qualities which in actuality make her a feminist role model, rather than mere rebellion against the status quo. Jane is morally and ethically superior to all but St. John, who she more than holds her own against. Janes Christianity is the foundation of her character, and Gilbert and Gubars analysis rests on uneven ground because of it. Since its publication in the mid-nineteenth century, Jane Eyre has been the subject of much controversy so far as Christian ethics are concerned. Jane herself was described by contemporary critic Elizabeth Rigby as being undisciplined and unregenerate (or unsaved), with the novel itself being preeminently anti-Christian (Gilbert and Gubar 1). This supposedly heathenesque bent, according to Gilbert and Gubar, comes from a refusal to accept the forms and standards of society in short rebellious feminism (1). The two waste no time linking their own analyses with these. They readily agree, Perhaps they were correct in their response to the book (Gilbert and Gubar 1). Charlotte Bront herself however, defended her writing passionately and authoritatively, admitting an intentional subversion of gender-norms, but declaring in the second edition of Jane Eyre that Conventionality is not morality. Self-righteousness is not religion. To attack the first is not to assail the last. To pluck the ma sk from the face of the Pharisee, is not to lift an impious hand to the Crown of Thorns (Griesinger 5). In short, Bront was a Christian, through and through, as is her titular heroine Jane Eyre. Virtue being essential to discussions of faithfulness, it seems appropriate to me that Jane Eyres Christianity ought to be validated by an analysis of her moral character; something which contemporary critics, as well as Gilbert and Gubar, not only failed to acknowledge, but adamantly rejected. Gilbert and Gubar in particular connect Jane on a symbolic level with Bertha Mason, a character motivated by unbridled passion, governed by madness and violence. Marriage is one example used by Gilbert and Gubar as an analogy for principle, which, according to them Jane rejects. They state that St. John wants to imprison the resolute wild thing that is [Janes] soul in the ultimate cell, the iron shroud of principle (Gilbert and Gubar 11). Here they take things wildly out of context, forgetting the fact that Jane only finds herself in this predicament because she herself is a woman of principle in the first place. Jane leaves Rochester against her own will, on the grounds of principle and Chris tian decency. She refuses to play mistress to a married man (Bront Ch. 27). Janes virtue and faith both are evident throughout the entirety of the novel, as much as her feminist desires for equality. While Jane may temperately rebel against the status quo, she does not rebel against principle. It is not a prison to her. Gilbert and Gubars presumption of an incompatibility between faith and feminism is based upon a flawed understanding of Christian ideals of submission. This is why I bring up their comparison of marriage with prison. To Gilbert and Gubar, as well as contemporaries of Bront, marriage equals female subservience, and equality of the sexes is therefore incompatible with Christianity. The conclusion treats neither religion nor feminism with the proper modicum of respect and understanding. Gilbert and Gubar contend that Janes whole life-pilgrimage has, of course, prepared her to be angry at Rochesters and societys, [lovingly tyrannical] concept of marriage (Gilbert and Gubar 7). But who is to say that Rochesters and Christianitys are one in the same? The most striking, audaciously eloquent line in all of Bronts novel is when Jane challenges Rochester, just prior to his proposal, exclaiming it is my spirit that addresses your spirit as if we stood at Gods feet, equal, as we are! (Bront Ch. 23). To certain nineteenth century critics, this would have been seen as a grievous theological error, if not outright heresy. Gilbert and Gubar see it as a virtuous triumph of feminism, but still as anti-Christian. They rightly contend that Though in one sense Jane and Rochester begin their relationship as master and servant in another they begin as spiritual equals (Gilbert and Gubar 5). What they fail to recognize, is that spiritual equality is the Christian state of men and women. Such an analysis is hardly at odds with Christian values, or suggests any sort of innate rebelliousness. Long before Charlotte Brontes brand of feminism, Matthew Henry wrote in his Commentary on the Whole Bible That the woman was made of a rib out of the side of Ad am; not made out of his head to rule over him, nor out of his feet to be trampled upon by him, but out of his side to be equal with him (Henry 7). While one can readily see through an examination of scripture that equality of the sexes has never been anti-Christian, it stands to reason that Jane Eyres brand of emerging biblical feminism as Emily Griesinger calls it, contains a great deal of theological and cultural complexity (19). This is made evident by Janes relationship with her cousin St. John, his proposal, her rejection, and ultimately the supernatural events which occur bringing Jane and Rochester back together. When St. John makes his final proposal, Jane prays earnestly for guidance and direction. She pleads with the Almighty for some sort of intervention. She cries to heaven, Show me, show me the path! and indeed He does (Bront Ch. 36). Jane hears the voice of Rochester, and she speaks to him in kind, across miles and miles of space. Its a miraculous answer to prayer, and one for which Jane immediately gives worship and thanksgiving, contrary to assertions made by Bronts critics. Gilbert and Gubar admit as that Christian morality is a focus of the novel, but contend that Janes inward sense of morality is superior to the external one, the Christian one. They see St. John as symbolic of this supposedly inferior morality, and Janes hearing Rochester as her inward moral compass. The conclusion of the novel refutes this however. Whereas Gilbert and Gubar see the climaxs miraculous intervention as being somehow tied to Janes subconscious, Bront makes it abundantly clear that Providence makes the final decision. Jerome Beaty points out, the notion that the voice is only the product of her excitement is almost immediately denied (Beaty 4). Janes love for Rochester was never rebellious. It was always part of Gods plan, which Jane chooses to accept. Beaty uses these events in his own rejection of the anti-Christian labels applied to the novel. He points out that [Jane] does not depart from the religious, certainly not the Providentialist tenets, and the novel does not force her to choose between religion and life or love (Beaty 4). Frankly, critics are wrong to assert as much. Janes final decision is not one of rebellion, but of submission; submission to God. Hardly anti-Christian, rebellious sentiment, Jane readily submits to the will of God the moment she is certain of it. Jane ends her story, not independent, but wholly dependent on the hand of God. She learns the truth of the proverb; In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths (Authorized King James Version, Prov. 3.6). In conclusion, Emily Griesinger asserts that Jane Eyres Christianity is far more reminiscent of evangelicalism, which has since taken much of Christianity by storm. She writes that Evangelical religion opposed formalism, a type of spirituality that favored outward forms, decent and orderly, over inward heart faith where the Spirit could not be easily contained and often spilled over (Griesinger 8). The fact that Jane Eyre is a woman directly led by the Holy Ghost and not by the church is likely what her critics found so offensive. Jane Eyres Christianity is not an anti-biblical one, but rather one ahead of its time. It is Janes ability to discern the voice of God for herself, suggests Griesinger, that makes her a Christian feminist icon. She needs no man, namely St. John, to explain the will of God for her life. She prays, and she finds it. Maria LaMonaca writes that because of this, Jane demonstrates that women must experience God directly (LaMonaca 8). Near the novels end, Jane refers to Paul and Silas miraculous escape from prison as not unlike her own experience. In the story, Paul and Silas, in an evening of prayer and praise, are loosed from jail by a miraculous earthquake. Jane herself, through prayer, is loosed from the prison of her own indecision. Like with Paul and Silas, Janes escape came by divine intervention in the midst of principled submission, not human rebelliousness. In such, she is exemplary of Christian virtue. Jane Eyre is at once a God fearing woman of principle and a feminist icon. Gilbert and Gubar may get a great deal right in their analysis, but theyre wrong to connect feminism with Brontes critics. They unnecessarily place themselves at odds with an ideology which has done more for the cause of equality than any other, seeing as it was the Apostle Paul who proclaimed There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus (Author ized King James Version, Gal. 3.23, emphasis mine). Works Cited Beaty, Jerome. St. Johns Way and the Wayward Reader. PDF file. Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. From A Dialogue of Self and Soul: Plain9 Janes Progress. Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. Yale University Press, 1979. PDF file. Griesinger, Emily. Charlotte Bronts Religion: Faith, Feminism, and Jane Eyre. Christianity and Literature, vol. 58, no. 1, 2008, pp. 29â€Å"59. EBSCOhost, login.ezproxy.net.ucf.edu/login?auth=shibburl=https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.net.ucf.edu/login.aspx?direct=truedb=mzhAN=2008653303site=ehost-livescope=site. LaMonaca, Maria. Janes Crown of Thorns: Feminism and Christianity in Jane Eyre. Studies in the Novel, vol. 34, no. 3, 2002, pp. 245â€Å"63. EBSCOhost, login.ezproxy.net.ucf.edu/login?auth=shibburl=https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.net.ucf.edu/login.aspx?direct=truedb=mzhAN=2002532785site=ehost-livescope=site.

The Meaning of Innuendo, Definition and Examples

Innuendo is a subtle or indirect observation about a person or thing, usually of a salacious, critical, or disparaging nature. Also called insinuation. In An Account of Innuendo, Bruce Fraser defines the term as an implied message in the form of an allegation whose content constitutes some sort of unwanted ascription towards the target of the comment (Perspectives on Semantics, Pragmatics, and Discourse, 2001). As T. Edward Damer has noted, The force of this fallacy lies in the impression created that some veiled claim is true, although no evidence is presented to support such a view (Attacking Faulty Reasoning, 2009). Pronunciation   in-YOO-en-doe Etymology From the Latin, by hinting Examples and Observations The informal fallacy of innuendo  consists of implying a judgment, usually derogatory, by hinting. No argument is offered. Instead  the  audience is invited by suggestion, by a nod and a wink, to make the assumption. Someone asks, Where is Jones? Did he get fired or something? Someone answers, Not yet.  By innuendo, the response  numbers Joness days. The political candidate who distributes a brochure promising to restore honesty and integrity to an office has suggested, without presenting any argument, that the incumbent is crooked. - Joel Rudinow and Vincent E. Barry,  Invitation to Critical Thinking, 6th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2008 Sexual come-ons are a classic example [of innuendo]. Would you like to come up and see my etchings? has been recognized as a double entendre for so long that by 1939, James Thurber could draw a cartoon of a hapless man in an apartment lobby saying to his date, You wait here, and Ill bring the etchings down.​ The veiled threat also has a stereotype: the Mafia wiseguy offering protection with the soft sell, Nice store you got there. Would be a real shame if something happened to it. Traffic cops sometimes face not-so-innocent questions like, Gee, Officer, is there some way I could pay the fine right here? - Steven Pinker, Words Dont Mean What They Mean, Time, September 6, 2007 How to Detect Innuendo To detect innuendo, one has to read between the lines of the written or spoken discourse in a given case and draw out by implicature conclusions that are meant to be inferred by a reader or audience. This is done by reconstructing the argument as a contribution to a conversation, a conventionalized type of dialogue, in which the speaker and hearer (or reader) are supposedly engaged. In such a context, speaker and hearer may be presumed to share common knowledge and expectations and cooperatively to take part in the conversation at its different stages, by taking turns making kinds of moves called speech acts, for example, questioning and replying, asking for clarification or justification of an assertion. - Douglas Walton, One-Sided Arguments: A Dialectical Analysis of Bias. State University of New York Press, 1999 Erving Goffman on the Language of Hint Tact in regard to face-work often relies for its operation on a tacit agreement to do business through the language of hint--the language of innuendo, ambiguities, well-placed pauses, carefully worded jokes, and so on. The rule regarding this unofficial kind of communication is that the sender ought not to act as if he had officially conveyed the message he has hinted at, while the recipients have the right and the obligation to act as if they have not officially received the message contained in the hint. Hinted communication, then, is deniable communication; it need not be faced up to. - Erving Goffman, Interaction Ritual: Essays in Face-to-Face Behavior. Aldine, 1967 Innuendo in Political Discourse Some seem to believe that we should negotiate with the terrorists and radicals, as if some ingenious argument will persuade them they have been wrong all along. We have heard this foolish delusion before. - President George W. Bush, speech to the members of the Knesset in Jerusalem, May 15, 2008 Bush was speaking of appeasement against those who would negotiate with terrorists. The White House spokeswoman, with a straight face, claimed the reference was not to Sen. Barack Obama. - John Mashek, Bush, Obama, and the Hitler Card. U.S. News, May 16, 2008 Our nation stands at a fork in the political road. In one direction, lies a land of slander and scare; the land of sly innuendo, the poison pen, the anonymous phone call and hustling, pushing, shoving; the land of smash and grab and anything to win. This is Nixonland. But I say to you that it is not America. - Adlai E. Stevenson II, written during his second presidential campaign in 1956 The Lighter Side of Sexual Innuendo Norman: (leers, grinning) Your wife interested in er . . . (waggles head, leans across) photographs, eh? Know what I mean? Photographs, he asked him knowingly. Him: Photography? Norman: Yes. Nudge nudge. Snap snap. Grin grin, wink wink, say no more. Him: Holiday snaps? Norman: Could be, could be taken on holiday. Could be, yes--swimming costumes. Know what I mean? Candid photography. Know what I mean, nudge nudge. Him: No, no we dont have a camera. Norman: Oh. Still (slaps hands lightly twice) Woah! Eh? Wo-oah! Eh? Him: Look, are you insinuating something? Norman: Oh . . . no . . . no . . . Yes. Him: Well? Norman: Well. I mean. Er, I mean. Youre a man of the world, arent you . . . I mean, er, youve er . . . youve been there havent you . . . I mean youve been around . . . eh? Him: What do you mean? Norman: Well, I mean, like youve er . . . youve done it . . . I mean like, you know . . . youve . . . er . . . youve slept . . . with a lady. Him: Yes. Norman: Whats it like? - Eric Idle and Terry Jones, episode three of Monty Pythons Flying Circus, 1969

Heritable Genetic Information In Escherichia Coli In...

Heritable Genetic Information in Escherichia Coli in Transformation and Deoxyribonucleic Acid A report for Biology 2000 written by Alana Pay : 001196733 Introduction Griffin was a scientist that showed that there was a non-living component to heritability between organisms, although he had not yet discovered what exactly was the heritable component. However, during this time period, it was a common belief that the heritable material was contained within the protein of the organism, not the DNA that is now held in the truth. In the Avery and company experiment, they expanded Griffin research to pinpoint the exact location of the heritable information by breaking down cell components until the final product allowing transformation was†¦show more content†¦The experiment completed by Stanley et al, also used the transformational effectiveness of E.Coli to complete their R-Factor DNA study, so the effectiveness of using E.Coli in this type of experiment is well documented. (Stanley et al, 1972) The antibiotic that was used in our replication experiment was kanamycin, which is a amino-glycoside and it proceeds to block the areas that initiat ion complexes may occur. (National Center, 2017) A model system allows us to witness the effects of an experiment in many generations and in an organism that grows in a very quick fashion. The genetic growth is generally very similar to that of humans so that we may compare and contrast what may happen in humans, or what will before we start clinical trials of certain chemicals or antibiotics, in this case, that may have a positive or negative impact on the human populace. The objective of this experiment is to conclude that the results of Griffin and Avery et al, can be duplicated in a way that will allow us to corroborate their results. The null hypothesis that this repeated experiment revolved around was that the DNA involved from the E. Coli would not undergo transformation and therefore grow a strain, which means that there would be growth on any of the plated specimens. This leads to the alternative hypothesis that only the plates that involved the DNase would not have growth as it has the heritable genetic information that would allow the transformation to occur andShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Bacterial Transformation1417 Words   |  6 PagesBackground theory: Bacterial transformation is a versatile tool of central importance to molecular biology (The American Phytopathological Society, 2016; The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003). It is a process whereby bacterial cells take up and express exogenous DNA, resulting in the expression of a newly acquired genetic trait that is both stable and heritable (The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003; Bruce Roe, n.d.). For transformation to take place, the bacterial cells must enter a particularRead MoreThemes in the Study of Life5755 Words   |  24 Pagessimple, one-sentence definition. ââ€"‹ We recognize life by what living things do. Concept 1.1 The themes of this book make connections across different areas of biology. †¢ Eight unifying themes will help you organize and make sense of biological information. Theme 1: New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy. †¢ Each level of biological organization has emergent properties. †¢ Biological organization is based on a hierarchy of structural levels, each building on the levels below

Crime and Social Issues free essay sample

Many crime problems in my area which are creating difficulties for peoples day by day. I have seen many crimes have been done in my area. * Snatching * Drugs dealing * Shop lifting * Stabbing * Gang fighting * Theft and robbed * The area where I live is ok; I have been robbed for my money a couple of times – nothing too bad. But my friends live in a really bad estate. Theres always stuff going on there. People are shot and stabbed all the time. * It all starts with people getting rude with each other. One person is rude to someone else, and then the victim goes and gets their gang for revenge.Sometimes its just two gangs fighting and punching each other. But on this estate, its nearly always killing. Guns and knives are everywhere. * Its always worse when the gang hires someone else to do the killing. They only give a description of the person they want taken care of. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime and Social Issues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So the hit man hasnt even seen the guy hes going to shoot before. Sometimes they shoot the wrong person. Then, if the person who was killed by mistake was in a gang, their gang goes and gets revenge. So it never ends. * Im most worried about knife crime, because you can get knives anywhere – from the kitchen, shops and people from round the estates.My friend’s big brother was stabbed in the chest with a knife, because he was involved in some bad stuff. * In my school its not so bad because they check us for weapons. The only weapons were allowed are compasses. * Im not so afraid of gangs, because they dont have a reason to go after me. But my friends Dad got involved in drugs. Now hes got some gangs after him because of some trouble that happened. * When I visit my mates on the estate, I feel more protected than afraid, because I know my friends and their brothers are looking out for me.People there recognise me now, so I know even the drug dealers would look after me on their patches. They know Im not causing any trouble. But Id be very; very afraid for my life there if no-one was looking out for me. Snatching: About 10 houses in front of me was this young lady walking by a car parked along the grass patch outside one of the terrace houses. As she was reaching the rear end of this clean decent looking Silver Proton Waja, I noticed the engine started and the left rear passenger doors window was being wound down.Suddenly a man emerged out of the rear passenger doors window his entire torso! And making a grab of this ladies handbag!!!! As this man emerged from the cars window, the Silver Proton Waja was pulling out of its parking position slowly not in a hurry with the man from within just dragging the lady and her handbag along until she gave it up!! Then they drove off slowly no hurry!!! Conclusion: My report about crime problem in my area which I have describe in my report, we should do safety every time and inform to police about any crime or suspicious activiti es in area or any surrounding area.

American Revolution and the Battle of the Chesapeake

American Revolution and the Battle of the Chesapeake The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes, was fought September 5, 1781, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Fleets and Leaders Royal Navy Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves19 ships of the line French Navy Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse24 ships of the line Background Prior to 1781, Virginia had seen little fighting as the majority operations had taken place far to the north or further south. Early that year, British forces, including those led by traitor Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, arrived in the Chesapeake and commenced raiding. These were later joined by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis army which had marched north following its bloody victory at the Battle of Guilford Court House. Taking command of all British forces in the region, Cornwallis soon received a confusing string of orders from his superior in New York City, General Sir Henry Clinton. While initially campaigning against American forces in Virginia, including those led by the Marquis de Lafayette, he was later instructed to establish a fortified base at a deep-water port. Assessing his options, Cornwallis elected to utilize Yorktown for this purpose. Arriving at Yorktown, VA, Cornwallis constructed earthworks around the town and built fortifications across the York River at Gloucester Point.    Fleets in Motion During the summer, General George Washington and the Comte de Rochambeau requested that Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse bring his French fleet north from the Caribbean for a potential strike against either New York City or Yorktown. After extensive debate, the latter target was chosen by the allied Franco-American command with the understanding that de Grasses ships were necessary to prevent Cornwallis escaping by sea. Aware that de Grasse intended to sail north, a British fleet of 14 ships of the line, under Rear Admiral Samuel Hood, also departed the Caribbean. Taking a more direct route, they arrived at the mouth of the Chesapeake on August 25. That same day, a second, smaller French fleet led by the  Comte de Barras departed Newport, RI carrying siege guns and equipment. In an effort to avoid the British, de Barras took a circuitous route with the goal of reaching Virginia and uniting with de Grasse. Not seeing the French near the Chesapeake, Hood decided to continue on to New York to join with Rear Admiral Thomas Graves. Arriving at New York, Hood found that Graves only had five ships of the line in battle condition. Combining their forces, they put to sea heading south towards Virginia. While the British were uniting to the north, de Grasse arrived in the Chesapeake with 27 ships of the line. Quickly detaching three ships to blockade Cornwallis position at Yorktown, de Grasse landed 3,200 soldiers and anchored the bulk of his fleet behind Cape Henry, near the mouth of the bay. The French Put to Sea On September 5, the British fleet appeared off the Chesapeake and sighted the French ships around 9:30 AM. Rather than swiftly attack the French while they were vulnerable, the British followed the tactical doctrine of the day and moved into a line ahead formation. The time required for this maneuver allowed the French to recover from the surprise of the British arrival which had seen many of their warships caught with large portions of their crews ashore. Also, it allowed de Grasse to avoid entering battle against an adverse wind and tidal conditions. Cutting their anchor lines, the French fleet emerged from the bay and formed for battle. As the French exited from the bay, both fleets angled towards each other as they sailed east. A Running Fight As wind and sea conditions continued to change, the French gained the advantage of being able to open their lower gun ports while the British were prevented from doing so without risking water entering their ships. Around 4:00 PM, the vans (lead sections) in each fleet opened fired on their opposite number as the range closed. Though the vans were engaged, a shift in the wind made it difficult for each fleets center and rear to close within range. On the British side, the situation was further hampered by contradictory signals from Graves. As the fighting progressed, the French tactic of aiming for masts and rigging bore fruit as HMS Intrepid (64 guns) and HMS Shrewsbury (74) both fell out of line. As the vans pummeled each other, many of the ships to their rear never were able to engage the enemy. Around 6:30 PM the firing ceased and the British withdrew to windward. For the next four days, the fleets maneuvered within sight of each other. However, neither sought to renew the battle . On the evening of September 9, de Grasse reversed his fleets course, leaving the British behind, and returned to the Chesapeake. Upon arriving, he found reinforcements in the form of 7 ships of the line under de Barras. With 34 ships of the line, de Grasse had full control of the Chesapeake, eliminating Cornwallis hopes for evacuation. Trapped, Cornwallis army was besieged by the combined army of Washington and Rochambeau. After over two weeks of fighting, Cornwallis surrendered on October 17, effectively ending the American Revolution. Aftermath and Impact During the Battle of the Chesapeake, both fleets suffered approximately 320 casualties. In addition, many of the ships in the British van were heavily damaged and unable to continue fighting. Though the battle itself was tactically inconclusive, it was a massive strategic victory for the French. By drawing the British away from the Chesapeake, the French eliminated any hope of rescuing Cornwalliss army. This in turn allowed for the successful siege of Yorktown, which broke the back of British power in the colonies and led to American independence.

Politics in the Guilded Age essays

Politics in the Guilded Age essays Discuss Politics in the Gilded Age. Include major political events and issues, and the roles of the bloody shirt, corruption, patronage, and reform movements. The term Gilded Age was named for a Mark Twain book. It meant covered with gold, and was applied to this period as a whole. This was a period of corruption in sordid politics. The Republicans and Democrats didnt really have strong opposing beliefs during this period. The Republicans supported high tariffs and sound money. The Democrats supported lower tariffs and expanded currency. Both rural and urban classes supported each party. They worked with spoils and local issues. Both parties worked to please everyone, and to attract voters. Since both parties were so close in strength, it caused the elections to be fought harder. The Republicans used the waving of the bloody shirt tactic. This meant that they brought back the past in order to avoid the real issues. They portrayed the Democrats as rebel traitors. The Republicans were against alcohol. The Stalwarts were led by Senator Conkling from New York and were the hard core machine of elections. Senator Blaine led the Half-Breeds from Maine, and they wanted to be in control of it all. The mugwumps were a group that turned Democrat because of the corruption of the Republican presidential nominee, Senator Blaine. One president was Grant during this period. He was elected into office for his past war experience. He had little knowledge of politics, and depended on his fellow politicians. These men, in turn, involved in scandals to embezzle money from the government. One was the Great Mobilier scandal; it dealt with the Union Pacific Railroad. The Construction Company hired themselves at inflated prices to build railroad lines, and distributed shares of stock to congressmen. A scandal during Grants ...

The new Scottish Government will be good for Scottish business Essay

The new Scottish Government will be good for Scottish business. Discuss - Essay Example The first step is to form a Council of Economic Advisors. This council will help new-born businesses to find their niche in the market, and help them with tax payments, loans, grants and other financial schemes and delivery agencies initiated by the Government. These grants are focused on carrying out a research about new and lucrative products that could be developed so that new businesses do not find a marker block. Also, they are disbursed according to a regional strategy, in which sectors of the country are designated to these grant authorities who then work closely with the local enterprises and provide them with custom-designed support and solutions. Along with these grants, a programme, called the Scottish Executive Expertise, Knowledge and Innovation Transfer Programme (SEEKIT) provides financial support and grants for science based projects in the public sector, so that their can be a flow of information between that sector and the enterprises, which could then benefit from the knowledge and finance to increase productivity, economy and efficiency of their businesses. Likewise, small and medium sized businesses are encouraged so that more families can invest, and their has been a reduction in the tax payments by these businesses, the taxes being based not on the Council set taxes, but on the ability of the businesses to pay them. For the young people still undertaking their education, the Government has provided increased vocational opportunities so that along with their education, they can pursue employment services. As more people would start their own businesses, more employment opportunities would be created, and as more young citizens would start participating in the economic sector, the productivity rate of the country would boom immensely, leading to an sustained, long-term economic growth with easy and relaxed regulations for the efficient functioning of this sector. To organise their plans and to better formulate their strategies towards the business sector, an enterprise strategy was worked out, known as A Smart, Successful Scotland (SSS). It was refreshed (Jim Wallace 2004) in 2004, and addresses the current issues and schemes related to the enterprises, highlighting the areas that require special attention, both in Scottish Enterprise and Highlands and Islands Enterprise, for a long-term economic growth. The priorities addressed in the document can be summarised into three basic strategies: growing businesses, global connections, and skills and learning (Enterprise Strategy 2007). According to these set strategies, the enterprise networks have been re-structured and reformed, taking into account the localised challenges and

Terrorist group Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorist group - Research Paper Example According to ( Tellis) â€Å"In fact, since its establishment in 1987, LeT’s objectives relating to Kashmir and, more generally, India were fundamentally embedded in wider ambitions, with its focus on the subcontinent deriving mainly from its practical circumstances†. The suspected leaders of Lashkar - e – Taiba are Hafiz Muhammad Saeed ( Founder and Head) Abdul Rehman Makki (Second in Commander) Zaki – ur –Rehman- Lakhvi(Senior Member) Zarra Shah( Planning head) Muhammed Ashraf ( Financial Officer), Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq ( Leader & Financier)Nasr Javed ( Senior Operative). The characteristics of Lashkar leaders are fanaticism, radicalism, violence, suspicious identity, self - destruction, possession of weapons, illegal activities and funding and conspiracy. They have a suspicious identity and these people are not seen in public. They have an aggressive nature and are strong willed and high determination. They have the motive of separating K ashmir from India and joining with Pakistan as a Muslim state. This group is motivated by Al – Qaeda theology and US Foreign Policy. They have the sole purpose of destroying India a country and to uproot Hinduism and Judaism. LeT has declared Hindus and Jews to be enemies of Islam. According to ( Ahmed) â€Å" Union minister of state for home I.D. ... One of the thing they are trying to accomplish is to get rid of non – Islamist troop out of India and Middle East. They want to destroy Indian Republic as they believe that India the enemy of Islam and wants to subjugate the Islamic world. Lashkar -e- Taiba is attempting to preserve its ideologies of a puritanical and fundamental group. They want to preserve their religious laws and want to be distinctive from other cultures of world. They believe that Hinduism and Judaism are religion against Islamic values and want to eradicate them. They want to accomplish a strictly observing Islamic world with Quran principles as its foundation. Lashkar-e- Taiba as a terrorist group has focus on social, religious and political aspect. If one look at social aspect they want a culture or a world which is conservative and less liberal .They want a society which resembles and follows a restrictive life for women. On religious side, they focus on promoting a world where the Islamic rules are f ollowed. Lashkar- e- Taiba is a radical movement and a fanatic organization which only believe in one religion of Islam. On Political grounds they want to destroy non-believers especially India. Even though Lashkar target Hindus and Jews they do kill all sorts of people who are against their agenda. The Lashkar – e- Taiba has targeted India and Israel despite of the existence of Muslim population in the country. They despise Indian and Jews and most of the attacks have been made on Indian nationals. But they also have enmity towards Jews and they have a large scale network operation. Basically, non Muslims are their main targets. For the reason for targeting these people are basically because they devaluate Islamic rules and

History Of Aromatherapy Health And Social Care Essay

History Of Aromatherapy Health And Social Care Essay Ever since I can remember, I have been fascinated with the sense of smell and identifying the ways that aromas are so influential on a persons memories, thoughts and emotions. I decided to do my Independent Study on the history and practice of aromatherapy because I have always been drawn to it, and I hope to be able to offer others a chance to learn about it by developing a course that can be offered at the Firefly Academy. Using essential oils in my everyday life has given me many benefits. I can customize linen and room sprays according to the season, or the emotional atmosphere I want to create. It is simple to create salves for bug bites or muscle strain that are completely natural and work as well as store-bought items. I can use essential oils just like herbs to dress candles, add to talisman or amulet bags, or purify ritual space in my magickal practice. The only limit on the uses of essential oils is my own creativity. What Do The Terms Aromatherapy and Essential Oil Mean? To begin with, we need to define the terms aromatherapy and essential oil: Â · Aromatherapy is the art and science of enhancing health and well being with essential oils. (Aura Cacia, a leading advocate and manufacturer of high quality essential oils) [1] Â · Essential oils are the volatile essences extracted from plant materials for the purpose of affecting ones health, mood or environment. The Use of Scent Throughout Human History We dont need to have a degree in chemical engineering or physiology to understand how essential oils can affect us, or to enjoy them by adding scent to our everyday lives. Its something human beings have been doing throughout thousands of years of history. The use of ointments, powders, waters, oils and incense has been documented as part of worship, medicine and culture throughout many early civilizations. From Egypt and Persia, to India and China, trade routes flourished as the rich and powerful demanded steady supplies of aromatic salves for use as medicine, resins and incense to please the gods, and fragrant powders or perfumes to scent the skin [2] . Although no one can prove exactly when essential oils were first distilled from plants, the Persian Avicenna (980-1037 C.E.) is generally given credit as the first. Avicenna was a philosopher and physician, and he used essential oils extensively in his practice. [3] In more modern times, the scientific revolution in the 19th century led to the identification and isolation of many essential oils and active plant compounds. These discoveries soon led scientists to develop synthetic substances that could be produced cheaply and in mass quantities. This made it possible (economically feasible) to add artificial scent to products that were widely available to the public. Some of these products were soap, shampoo, beverages, and perfumes. The term aromatherapy was coined in the early 20th century by Rene-Maurice Gattefosse, a French scientist. [4] He developed an intense interest in the healing properties of essential oils after his personal experience with lavender essential oil. His family owned a perfumery business and he worked in the laboratory. One day, an explosion occurred and Rene-Maurice badly burned his hands. The closest thing around to use to quench the heat of the burns was a large container of lavender essential oil. He healed very quickly from his burns and was left without any scarring. There are many notables in the development of modern aromatherapy. Two of the most well-known are: Dr. Jean Valnet [5] , a surgeon in World War II who began using essential oils on the battlefield after reading of Gattefossess work; and Robert Tisserand who is credited with being one of the first to bring widespread education about aromatherapy to the English-speaking world. Where Do Essential Oils Come From Most essential oils are used today as flavorings for foods and beverages, or as fragrance for perfumes, body care and cleaning products. Only a small percentage of all essential oils produced are used in practical aromatherapy. Each essential oil is comprised of a unique combination of volatile, aromatic chemicals. Most essential oils contain over one hundred different chemicals. Thousands of different aroma chemicals have been discovered in plants by scientists so far [6] . The combination of these chemicals is what gives an essential oil its fragrance and also makes it effective to use. Many things can contribute to the amount and variation of each chemical constituent in an essential oil. Things such as climate, soil quality, growing conditions, or harvesting methods can have a big effect on the quality of the essential oil that ends up in a bottle on the shelf of your local health food store. The various aspects work together to create each oils signature fragrance and physical properties. Essential oils can come from all parts of the plant including, leaves, flowers, roots, seeds or fruit. Some examples of essential oils that come from different parts of a plant are: leaf-Peppermint, flowers-Rose, roots-Angelica, seeds-Black Pepper, fruit (rind)-Orange. Unlike using fresh or dried herbs, to use an essential oil we must first to get it out of the plant. Try sniffing a fresh peppermint or thyme leaf. There will be very little scent. Now, rub the herb between your fingers and sniff again. By crushing the cell walls of the leaf, the essential oil is released. This is one way to extract the essential oil but not very efficient! And although there are many ways of extracting an essential oil from plants, there are three main methods used by most manufacturers today. Steam distillation is an ancient process. The basic process remains unchanged from that used centuries ago. The majority of essential oils are distilled this way. Fresh plant material is stacked on racks set above boiling water. The steam causes the cell walls of the plant material to break down and release the essential oil. After passing through a condenser, the essential oil can be separated from the water by skimming it off the top. Expression is a mechanical method pressing the essential oil out of the plant. Usually this method is used for getting essential oils out of the peels of citrus fruits such as oranges, limes, or lemons. Citrus oils are fragile and the fresh fruit aroma is lost if the peels are steam distilled. Enfleurage (Absolutes and Concretes) is the process used to extract essential oils from plants that are extremely delicate or have a low quantity of oil per plant. Some examples of oils that are made as absolutes are rose, jasmine or violet. These essential oils tend to be very expensive because they are labor intensive to create and it takes a tremendous amount of plant material to make a small amount of essential oil. In the past, layers of flowers were covered in rendered animal fat or a hydrocarbon solvent. As the fat became saturated with the scent, the spent flowers were removed and replaced with fresh. This process makes a waxy substance called a concrete. To further refine the mixture, the fat was mixed with alcohol to separate the essential oil from the fat. This produces an absolute from the concrete. This is the liquid product that contains the essential oil. How Do We Interpret Scent and How Does Scent Affect Us Most of us can think of examples of how scent has influenced our memory. One example might be that the smell of cinnamon evokes the memory of sitting in your grandmothers kitchen as she made cinnamon rolls 20 years after her passing. Another might be the automatic grimace that comes to your face at remembering the smell of the skunk that sprayed the dog last year. These are just a couple examples that show how scent becomes wired into our memories. Once scent molecules are breathed into the nose, they bind with receptors that send impulses to the olfactory bulbs that sit at the base of the brain. The olfactory bulbs interpret the scent message and send it on to the limbic system. The limbic system is part of the oldest part of our brain. It controls the functions that are necessary for our very survival such as the sex drive, hunger, thirst or need for sleep. This area is close to the hippocampus, where feelings and emotions originate, and long-term memory is stored [7] . It is easy to see why scents can affect us so strongly when we see how closely the sense of smell is related to our memory and survival instincts. We can apply this to our everyday lives when we extrapolate that our highest thought processes which include language, mathematics or abstract thinking can be affected by aromatherapy since the areas that process fragrance information and memory are so closely linked. By using an essential oil (such as Rosemary which is used for mental challenges) while studying, this scent becomes imprinted in the brain along with the information being studied. By sniffing the same oil later, like right before an exam, we can take advantage of this linking to have better recall. In Victorian times, scented stationary was popular for love letters. Maybe the writers hoped the sweet scent of perfume would cause ones beloved to think fondly of the writer. We can use aromatherapy in so many ways to make our lives healthier and happier. We can use it to help us not only with physical applications, but also to improve our mental and emotional health. And if you have had any experience in magick or spell casting, you can begin to see the implications immediately! How To Choose An Essential Oil When choosing oils for use in aromatherapy, it is vital to make sure that you are purchasing an essential oil. Essential oils are extracted from plants that grew in nature. They are not created in a laboratory. It is important to choose oils that have been extracted from the appropriate part of the plant, and using the correct method of extraction. On the other hand, aroma oils, fragrance oils, or nature identical oils have been created in a lab or altered in a way that does not include all the components of the pure essential oil. They are not interchangeable with essential oils! These other types of oils have their uses, but it not in the practice of aromatherapy. An example of this is peppermint oil used by the food industry. Manufacturers will sometimes redistill the peppermint essential oil to remove the grassy notes and amplify the minty notes. This is done for a purer peppermint flavor in your toothpaste. Essential oils can be chosen for their physical, emotional, or spiritual properties. You may choose an oil to relieve a physical symptom, to help deal with stress or to purify your ritual space. Some oils with be effective for all these areas. Frankincense was used in ancient times to fumigate (purify) churches and temples. Not only was this effective against disease agents such as plague, but it also brought people to a meditative state, and calmed the emotions. Many people use Frankincense for the same purposes today. Most books have charts showing the properties associated with each essential oil. It is a good idea to get a couple books that list a variety of information the oils. It is important to know physical properties, such as whether the oil you are choosing might be antibacterial, stimulant or sedative. It is also useful to know what effects the oil might have on the mind or emotions. If choosing an oil to use for magickal purposes, the correspondences listed for the herb will be the same as for the oil. Once several oils have been identified for the required purpose, the best way to choose the appropriate oil is to take a whiff and see which one pleases you the most. The imprint of scent is so individualized that even if all the books say that oil A is the absolute best choice for headaches, if the individual doesnt find the scent pleasing, or has a negative memory of the aroma, it will not have the desired effect. Always choose essential oils based on your personal preference. Essential oils are very versatile in their abilities to nurture, heal, support and rejuvenate our bodies, minds and spirits. They are easily absorbed into the body through the skin, by inhalation, or ingestion. But just because they are natural substances and have been used for centuries does not mean that they are without some risk. It is very important to use safety precautions when working with essential oils. Many essential oils often share a lot of the same chemical components. Sometimes knowing which chemicals are present in an essential oil will give you a good idea how that oil might be used. One example is eucalyptol. Oils, such as eucalyptus and tea tree, that contain this chemical are helpful in relieving chest congestion. Another example is the neurotoxin, thujone. This chemical can be extremely dangerous. Oils with a low content of thujone, such as yarrow or sage, should be used with caution and not used on a continual basis. Other oils, such as mugwort or wormwood, (does absinthe ring a bell?) should not be used at all. Skin irritation can be common if using essential oils without diluting them with a vegetable oil. These dilution oils are called carrier oils. Most vegetable oils can be used as carrier oils. If using essential oils on the elderly or young children, they should be diluted even more. Some essential oils can cause sensitivity to sunlight, as well. Pregnant women, and those with other health conditions such as epilepsy or diabetes, should take extra precautions in choosing essential oils. And unless properly trained, no one should ingest essential oils! Always research the essential oils you use to make sure you are following the proper safety protocols. There are usually warnings listed on the bottle and most stores have pamphlets or brochures that will list safety precautions. It is well worth the time spent reading about potential problems or doing a skin-patch test (to test for allergic reactions) to avoid the pain and hassle of a bad reaction. How To Apply Essential Oils There are many different ways that essential oils (EOs) can enter the body. Inhalation through the nose is one of the best known. Absorption through the skin is another popular method. Less common ways include oral, vaginal or rectal application. Although ingestion of essential oils is more common in Europe, never ingest them without the advice of a trained professional. Most cases of poisoning have occurred after people ingested too high a dose. Ingesting just one or two teaspoons of concentrated essential oil can be enough to cause injury or death [8] . Inhalation is one of the easiest ways to use essential oils. Oils can be inhaled directly from the bottle, a drop or two placed on a tissue or light bulb, or a few drops added to a bowl of hot water or to the well of a pillar candle. A couple drops can be added to a dryer sheet and a whole load of sheets will be redolent with aroma. Diffusers are another popular way to disperse essential oils into the air. There are many types of diffusers available. Some use a fan to move air through a paper filter on which youve placed a few drops of oil. Others use a nebulizer to vaporize the oil into a fine mist. And still another type uses ultrasonic technology to release the oil within a fine mist of water. There are many way to apply essential oils to the skin and it is an effective way to incorporate them into your body. Essential oils can be added to bathwater or to massage oil. It is also easy to add essential oils to any unscented shampoo, lotion or body wash product to create your own custom blends. General dilution rates for healthy adults are 10-20 drops essential oil in a bath tub of warm water or 10-15 drops per ounce of carrier oil. Use half or less of these rates for children or the elderly. Essential Oil Quality It is worth discussing essential oil quality and how to choose the correct oil for the purpose for which you wish to use it. It is vital to make sure the essential oil youre using is produced from the proper part of the plant, extracted using the most efficient process, is harvested at the correct time, and contains all the active ingredients that make the oil effective. There should be no artificial components added. Choosing well-known suppliers and brands makes it easier to feel confident that the oils you buy. Firstly, make sure the label says that it is 100% pure essential oil. To work as intended, the oil must be pure. As mentioned earlier in this essay, fragrance or aroma oils made from synthetic ingredients are not interchangeable with essential oils. An exception to this statement would be when purchasing extremely expensive oils such as Neroli, Rose or Jasmine that are 100% pure essential oils that have been diluted in a carrier oil to make it more affordable. The carrier oil will be listed on the ingredients panel. If you only need a drop of two of rose oil for your Valentines Day sachet, you might decide that the 5ml bottle of diluted Rose Otto for $20 is a better choice than the 2ml bottle of 100% pure Rose Otto for $130. However, if you are making an anti-aging face cream you might want the real deal to increase the amount of active ingredients to make your cream more effective. Secondly, make sure you know the Latin name of the oil you want. This way you know that you are buying the correct product. There are several types of Lavender essential oil on the market. One is extracted from the flowers of Lavandula augustifolia and is noted for its relaxing and calming properties. Another is extracted from the stems, leaves and flowers of Lavandula latifolia (called Spike Lavender) and is useful to repel insects and to help with cold symptoms. Each has different properties. The FDA requires that all manufacturers list the botanical names on the labels. Thirdly, realize that it takes varying amounts of plant material and labor to produce each type of essential oil. If you are buying a brand of essential oils that has the same price on all oils, you are probably getting a low-quality, extremely diluted, or blatantly synthetic product. It can take over 2000 pounds of rose blossoms to produce one pound of essential oil, but perhaps around 50 pounds of Eucalyptus to produce one pound of essential oil. It is obvious just from this one statistic that rose oil is going to a lot more expensive than eucalyptus. Just like in other real-life situations, if it seems too good to be true it probably is. Where We Go From Here This essay is the basis I am using to develop a course on Aromatherapy for The Firefly Academy. I hope to have it in included alongside the courses developed on Kitchen Herbology and Magickal Herbalism. The course will build on the information presented in this essay, introduce in-depth lessons on the fourteen most popular and affordable essential oils, provide information on making essential oil blends, and showcase easy recipes to begin using aromatherapy to improve the quality of ones life. There will be a project requiring students to make at least one recipe and describe their experiences using the blend in a short essay. A short, multiple choice quiz will be offered at the end of the course. Below is the proposed outline of the course: Lesson 1-What is Aromatherapy? What is an Essential Oil? Lesson 2-Why Does Aromatherapy Work? Lesson 3-Quality, Resources and Choosing Oils Lesson 4-How to Use Essential Oils in Your Life Lesson 5- Essential Oil Profiles Part 1 (Lavender, Tea Tree, Peppermint, Eucalyptus, Patchouli, German Chamomile, Clary Sage) Lesson 6- Essential Oil Profiles Part 2 (Lemon, Geranium, Sweet Orange, Bergamot, Ylang Ylang, Rosemary, Sandalwood) Lesson 7-Blending, Carrier Oils, Fun Formulas Lesson 8-Essay, Quiz, Where Do We Go From Here? Aromatherapy is a natural, effective way to improve many areas of our lives. It is not hard to learn and does not require an enormous expenditure of money. Essential oils are a good value as each one can be used for many different purposes and they take up little space in a cabinet or medicine chest. My life has been enriched in countless ways by learning and using aromatherapy. I am fascinated by the ease in which I can ease the sting of a bug bite. I am rewarded with a good nights sleep when I place a few drops of my Sweet Dreams blend on my pillow. My spiritual practices are enhanced by diffusing Frankincense and Myrrh on my altar to create sacred space. I will never regret the time and resources I have devoted to learning how to put the benefits of aromatherapy to use in my life. Sources http://www.auracacia.com http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/avicenna.htm http://www.aromaweb.com/articles/history.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_system http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15895251 Nyam News , December Volumes 1 2, Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, 2005 The Practice of Aromatherapy, Jean Valnet, MD, Healing Arts Press, 1980 The Complete Book of Essential Oils Aromatherapy, Valerie Ann Worwood, New World Library, 1991 Aromatherapy: An A-Z: The Most Comprehensive Guide to Aromatherapy Ever Published, Patricia Davis, Random House, 2005 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils , Julia Lawless, Element Books Ltd, 1995 The Aromatherapy Deck, Frontier Natural Products Co-op, 2007 Certificate course on Aromatherapy, The American College of Healthcare Sciences (formerly Australasian College) Aura Cacia Retailers Aromatherapy Course, Aura Cacia Company Footnotes: [1] www.auracacia.com [2] The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils, Julia Lawless, Element Books Ltd, 1995 [3] http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/avicenna.htm [4] http://www.aromaweb.com/articles/history.asp [5] The Practice of Aromatherapy by Jean Valnet, MD [6] Nyam News, December Volumes 1 2, Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, 2005 [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_system [8] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15895251 Top of Form Bottom of Form

Essay --

At this point in time, seniors at Mira Costa feel trapped, as if they can't get out of Mira Costa and Manhattan Beach soon enough. Imagine being physically trapped in their city, surrounded by nothing but a big concrete wall holding them hostage. The Berlin Wall kept half a city hidden behind, what was known as, the iron curtain. The wall was â€Å"...a symbol of oppressive and divisive government, not only to the East Germans it contained, but to the rest of the world as well.†("Transitional Justice.") The people of Germany were separated from their jobs, their loved ones, and were forced to live under communist rule. Before the wall was built, the city was split, given no notice on Sunday, and â€Å"overnight brutally severed streets† (Heilbrunn) became known as ‘Stacheldrahtsonntag’, barbed wire Sunday. Shortly after, the creation of the concrete wall began. During the construction of the wall, there was outrage in West Berlin over the new barbed wire wall that ran through their city. There was outrage in East Berlin as well but it was quickly controlled by their secret police who made many arrests for any who did not want to follow the communist rule and spoke out about it. Unlike other walls built around the world to keep enemies out, this wall was designed by communists to keep people in. 11-13 feet high and was a total of 28 miles long the wall encircled East Berlin. Surrounded by â€Å"towers, guards, and dogs stood watch over a barren no man's land. A pipe, too large in diameter for a climber's grip, ran along the top of the wall.†(â€Å"Newseum:Berlin Wallâ₠¬ ) Aside from the wall construction, there was other damage to East Berlin, â€Å"Buildings...were demolished, and the wide open area became known as "no man's land" or the "death strip," wh... ... the concrete prison. Soon after the wall fell, most of the East Berlin cabinet resigned and the remaining member were removed. East Berlin and West Berlin were finally reunited and renamed, The Federal Republic of Germany. â€Å"The world watched the celebrations on television. After 28 years, the Berlin Wall had fallen.† ("NEWSEUM: Berlin Wall.") The people of East Germany finally saw the light on the other side of the wall, and escaped the concrete nightmare. Imagine, literally being trapped inside of your hometown, behind the iron curtain of communism. Thousands of people lived that way for twenty-eight years, forced to live unseen and unheard. Some were born directly in the East side and some died, never to see the curtain lift from them. Life in the 1980’s in America was guided by the truth of real life, which real life was taken away from those trapped in Berlin.

Reflective cycle Essay

I will reflect on an incident that occurred during my shift to develop positive attitude towards nursing informatics. In this reflection, I am going to use Gibbs (1988) Reflective cycle. This model is a recognized framework for my reflection. Gibbs (1988) consist of six stages to complete one cycle which is able to improve my nursing informatics and learning from the experience for better practice in future. The cycle starts with description of the situation, analysis of the feelings, evaluation of experience, analysis to make sense of experience, and conclusion of what else I could have done and also action plan to prepare if the situation arose again. However, Siviter (2004) explains that reflection is about gaining self confidence ,identify when to improve, learning from own mistakes and behavior, looking at other people perspectives, being self aware and improving the future by learning from the past. In my context with the patients, it is important that the nurse incorporates nursing informatics to improve health care delivery. However Hebda and Czar (2009) defines nursing informatics as the use of information and computer technology to support all aspects of nursing practice, including direct delivery of care ,administration, education and research. Nursing informatics involves the use of computer based information system which according to Stair and Reynolds (2008,pg 4) is defined as a set of interrelated components that collect ,manipulate, store and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Description I had just reported from the four months maternity leave and during the shift changeover, I was informed by my colleagues of the new method of requesting for investigations online and that I was to see the team leader to take me through the process. I heard my colleagues discuss a lot on how the new system was consuming their time and since it had been made a hospital policy they had no choice than to adhere to it. This did not sound interesting to me as I did not even have computer literacy and wondered why the institution had changed the system. I shied off from seeking help from my team leader since I did not want to be embarrassed for not being a computer literate. I decided that I am going to use the old method and when I am asked,I will defend myself and say that I did not know about it. Unfortunately, the team leader did not realize that I had just reported from long leave and needed updates or maybe she waited for me to take an initiative to seek for updates from her as it always happens when one comes back from long leave which did not happen. During the doctor’s rounds, one of my patients had some request for investigations and because the phlebotomy rounds had already taken place, one of the doctors obtained the blood from the patient and left for me to charge and send it to the laboratory. I decided to give the health care assistant the specimen to take to the laboratory hoping that the laboratory technicians would charge it as they had always done before the introduction of the new system. During the exit round, the doctor inquired on the report and when I called the lab they said that I was supposed to check from the computer. Since I did not have any computer literacy, I pretended that I was checking but the doctor got impatient and decided to check by himself. On checking, the doctor found that the specimen was never charged and so could not access the report. On calling the laboratory technician, it was reported to the doctor that the specimen was discarded because it was assumed to be a reject since they had not found the details online. The doctor got so upset with me and insisted that I should explain to the patient what happened so that he could obtain more specimen. I got so confused because I didn’t have the exact words to tell to the patient. I then gathered courage and told the patient that the specimen obtained earlier was not enough for the investigations requested and that we needed to obtain more specimen.at first, the patient could not understand but after a second thought, she gave the consent and the specimen was obtained. This time round the doctor lost trust in me and decided to charge by himself and gave a health care assistant to take the specimen to the laboratory. Feelings On reflection of the incident, I felt so embarrassed because such things are not supposed to happen to a senior nurse who is supposed to be giving guidance to the junior nurses. I also felt irresponsible for not seeking help from my colleques on charging the patient’s specimen and that I had not taken the initiative to see the team leader to give me the updates that occurred while I was away. I felt empathetic for the patient and blamed myself for not taking the proper action. I also felt at my level I needed to have computer literacy because that is what hindered me from seeking help. The American Nurses Association (2007) states that the experienced nurse builds up on the competencies required for practitioners using basic computer skills to information regarding the patient and has to be proficient in her/his area of specialization. The doctors, and other nurses felt upset for my action. Evaluation Good points. After the incident, it made me think of how I would have handled the situation and how important computer & information literacy is to me and other healthcare practitioners. Selvasekaran (2008) defines computer literate health care provider as that who has basic understanding of the computer hardware, common types of software and different ways in which software application can be used in patient care environment. Association of college and research libraries (2002) defines information literacy as the ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate and use needed information effectively. Bad points. It was a shame that my negligence of seeking information led to the waste of patient’s specimen leading to waste of time in obtaining the results. It also caused more pain to the patient since the patient needed to be pricked again and this added extra stressors to the patient who was already stressed by her illness. The other bad point is that the laboratory technician discarded patient’s specimen instead of calling the ward for it to be charged. Analysis I wondered why the institution had changed from the old system of requesting for investigations, I then remembered that earlier I had read from a book on the importance/benefits of nursing informatics in a healthcare setup which included: †¢Improved access to information. †¢Error reduction & improved communication. †¢Decreased redundancy on data entry. †¢Convenience. †¢Decreased time spent in medication administration & documentation †¢Increased time for client care †¢Facilitation of data collection for research †¢Improved record security †¢Improved quality of care and patient satisfaction (Hebda and Czar 2009 pg 37). I then realized that the old method did not have the above qualities and so the institution opted for the new system. In this case there was ignorance of seeking information due to lack of computer and information literacy. Maybe I would have given the sample to my colleagues who were well informed to charge. I also could have called the laboratory technician and inform that the specimen had not been charged. It is good that I finally learnt from my my mistake and that the second sample drawn was charged and results acquired. However, having no computer literacy & information literacy does not make my action acceptable. Conclusion. My reflection of this event explores how important nursing informatics is in a healthcare set up and that all the healthcare providers should have knowledge on nursing informatics. The whole issue was embarrassing and I felt that instead of just sending the specimen and assuming that the lab technicians will charge, I would have given it to my colleagues to charge or inform the laboratory technician that I was not able to charge the specimen & hence helping them to take an appropriate decision instead of discarding it. Also instead of shying off from seeking the information on the new system from the team leader, I would have gained a little knowledge from my colleagues on how to operate the computer and then boldly proceed to the team leader for more information. This showed that I was not wise enough. According to American Nurses Association (2007) wisdom occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems. Results from understanding and requires human effort. However, If I had availed myself for the information, this mess would not have happened. Action plan. In order to prevent the incident from happening again, it is important that when I come back from a long leave, I should take the initiative to seek for updates from my colleagues and also the team leader taking in account the sensitive issues like this one.I should also seek help from my colleagues of things that am not certain of so as to prevent unpleasant incidences from happening. The action I took after the incidence was to write an incident form so that others could learn from my mistake. I also sought the information on online investigation request from my colleagues and team leader and also enrolled in computer classes so that I could have enough knowledge on computer literacy since the information I got from my colleagues and team leader was so particular and only concerned requesting of investigations and obtaining reports.i also called laboratory technicians and informed them to always call the ward before discarding patients specimens. I have learnt that there can be many positive learning opportunities from the mistakes we make. Reflection can sometimes show your shortcomings and this can be an excuse not to reflect, but by taking negative incidences positively you can turn around & change yourself for the better. I am now computer and information literate. References: American Nurses Association. (2007). Scope and standards of nursing informatics practice.Washington: American Nurses. Association of College and Research Libraries. (2002). Information literacy competencestandards for higher education. Retrieved in November 18, 2002, fromhttp://www.ala.org/acrl/ilintro.html#ildef. Gibbs (1998). Learning by doing. A guide to teaching and learning methods. Further educatingunit. Oxford: Oxford polytechnic. Hebda, T., Czar, P. (2009). Handbook on informatics for nurses and healthcare professionals.(4th ed.) . Pearson: New Jersey. Selvasekaran, J. (2008). Essentials of computer for nurses. (2nd ed.). Mumbai: Jaypee brothers. Siviter, B. (2004). The student nurse handbook. Philadelphia: Baillere Tindall. Stair, R., Reynolds. (2008). Principles of information systems. (8th ed.).Boston: Thompsoncourse technology.